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The purpose of this paper is to study conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) of the high-low voltage DC/DC converter based on GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) in electric vehicle, and design EMI filters to suppress the conducted EMI.

The conducted EMI propagation model is established through simulation and analysis studying the influences of parasitic parameters, operation mode, output power and near-field capacitive coupling effects on conducted EMI of the DC/DC converter and comparing the suppression effects of EMI filters with different topologies to select the best EMI filter.

It is shown that parasitic parameters, operation mode, output power and near-field capacitive coupling effects can affect the conducted EMI of the DC/DC converter, and EMI filters of the CLC topology can effectively suppress the conducted EMI below the limit of CISPR 25.

Analysis of conducted EMI and design of EMI filters greatly facilitate further explorations and studies on EMI problems of the high-low voltage DC/DC converter based on GaN HEMTs.

Synthesising an individual–opportunity nexus model, this research aims to develop a model of early internationalisation by integrating international competitiveness readiness, entrepreneurial motives and home country institutions and empirically assesses this model using a multi-level estimate design.

Drawing upon a global context comprising 79,402 entrepreneurs from 87 countries, this research applies a Heckman 2-step model together with a multi-level approach that allows to deal with self-selection bias and to take the hierarchical nature of the data into account.

The findings show that early internationalisation is significantly affected by entrepreneurs' international competitiveness readiness and this association is moderated by entrepreneurial motives. In addition, the findings demonstrate that the individual-level effects are further modified by the quality of country-level governance.

The research findings have significant implications and value for policy-makers who are aiming to stimulate the rate of early internationalisation by influencing the quality of governance.

The results contribute to the development of knowledge and theoretical bases in international entrepreneurship (IE). The results provide a multi-level view on the relationships between entrepreneurs and the internationalisation of entrepreneurs' firms from an integrative perspective, thereby complementing the perspective of international competitiveness readiness that primarily focuses on the effects of inherent resources and capabilities.